1456 – Joan of Arc was declared innocent of heresy in a retrial twenty-five years after her death.

1798 – Outraged by the XYZ Affair, the United States rescinded its treaties with France, resulting in the undeclared Quasi-War, fought entirely at sea.

1911 – Four countries signed the North Pacific Fur Seal Convention, which banned the open-water hunting of seals .

1963 – The police of Ngô ؤگأ¬nh Nhu, brother and chief political adviser of South Vietnamese president Ngô ؤگأ¬nh Diل»‡m, attacked a group of American journalists who were covering a protest during the Buddhist crisis.

2012 – The equivalent of five months' rain fell overnight in parts of Krasnodar Krai, Russia, causing flash floods that killed 171 people.